less语法简明教程

less 语法

variables 变量

定义
@nice-blue: #5B83AD;
运算
@light-blue: @nice-blue + #111;

使用
#header {
  color: @light-blue;
}

效果
#header {
  color: #6c94be;
}

Selectors (选择器)

// 变量
@mySelector: banner;

// 用法
.@{mySelector} {
  font-weight: bold;
  line-height: 40px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

extend

.my-inline-block {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0;
}
.thing1 {
  &:extend(.my-inline-block);
}
.thing2 {
  &:extend(.my-inline-block);
}


.my-inline-block,
.thing1,
.thing2 {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0;
}

Mixins (混合)


//定义
.bordered {
  border-top: dotted 1px black;
  border-bottom: solid 2px black;
}

// 使用
#menu a {
  color: #111;
  .bordered;
}

.post a {
  color: red;
  .bordered;
}

Nested rules 嵌套规则

#header {
  color: black;
  .navigation {
    font-size: 12px;
  }
  .logo {
    width: 300px;
  }
}


(& 表示当前选择器的父选择器):
.clearfix {
  display: block;
  zoom: 1;

  &:after {
    content: " ";
    display: block;
    font-size: 0;
    height: 0;
    clear: both;
    visibility: hidden;
  }
}

operators

@base: 5%;
@filler: @base * 2;
@other: @base + @filler;

color: #888 / 4;
background-color: @base-color + #111;
height: 100% / 2 + @filler;

@var: 1px + 5;

Functions (函数)


@base: #f04615;
@width: 0.5;

.class {
  width: percentage(@width); // returns `50%`
  color: saturate(@base, 5%);
  background-color: spin(lighten(@base, 25%), 8);
}

####

@my-ruleset: {
    .my-selector {
      @media tv {
        background-color: black;
      }
    }
  };
@media (orientation:portrait) {
    @my-ruleset();
}

@media (orientation: portrait) and tv {
  .my-selector {
    background-color: black;
  }
}
// 带有mixin的分离规则集合
@detached-ruleset: { 
    .mixin() {
        color:blue;
    }
};
// 调用分离规则集合
.caller {
    @detached-ruleset(); 
    .mixin();
}

.caller {
  color: blue;
}

Guard comparison operators (Guard中的比较运算符)

guards中可用的比较运算符的完整列表为: >, >=, =, =<, <。此外,关键字true是让两个mixins等价的唯一真值


.mixin (@a) when (@a > 10), (@a < -10) { ... }

.mixin (@a; @b: black) when (iscolor(@b)) { ... }

& when (@my-option = true) {
  button {
    color: white;
  }
  a {
    color: blue;
  }
}

Loops (循环)

使用递归循环最常见的情况就是生成栅格系统的CSS:

.generate-columns(4);

.generate-columns(@n, @i: 1) when (@i =< @n) {
  .column-@{i} {
    width: (@i * 100% / @n);
  }
  .generate-columns(@n, (@i + 1));
}

.column-1 {
  width: 25%;
}
.column-2 {
  width: 50%;
}
.column-3 {
  width: 75%;
}
.column-4 {
  width: 100%;
}


Merge (合并)

Comma (逗号)

.mixin() {
  box-shadow+: inset 0 0 10px #555;
}
.myclass {
  .mixin();
  box-shadow+: 0 0 20px black;
}

.myclass {
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 10px #555, 0 0 20px black;
}

Space (作用域)

.mixin() {
  transform+_: scale(2);
}
.myclass {
  .mixin();
  transform+_: rotate(15deg);
}

.myclass {
  transform: scale(2) rotate(15deg);
}

Parent Selectors (父级选择器)


// 输入
a {
  color: blue;
  &:hover {
    color: green;
  }
}

// 输出
a {
  color: blue;
}

a:hover {
  color: green;
}

// 输入
.button {
  &-ok {
    background-image: url("ok.png");
  }
  &-cancel {
    background-image: url("cancel.png");
  }

  &-custom {
    background-image: url("custom.png");
  }
}

// 输出

.button-ok {
  background-image: url("ok.png");
}
.button-cancel {
  background-image: url("cancel.png");
}
.button-custom {
  background-image: url("custom.png");
}

Multiple & (多个 &)

 .link {
  & + & {
    color: red;
  }

  & & {
    color: green;
  }

  && {
    color: blue;
  }

  &, &ish {
    color: cyan;
  }
}


.link + .link {
  color: red;
}
.link .link {
  color: green;
}
.link.link {
  color: blue;
}
.link, .linkish {
  color: cyan;
}

注意,&代表所有的父选择器(而不只是最近的长辈),因此下面的例子:

 
 .grand {
  .parent {
    & > & {
      color: red;
    }

    & & {
      color: green;
    }

    && {
      color: blue;
    }

    &, &ish {
      color: cyan;
    }
  }
}


.grand .parent > .grand .parent {
  color: red;
}
.grand .parent .grand .parent {
  color: green;
}
.grand .parent.grand .parent {
  color: blue;
}
.grand .parent,
.grand .parentish {
  color: cyan;
}

&还可以用于生成一个逗号分割列表的所有可能的选择器排列:

 p, a, ul, li {
  border-top: 2px dotted #366;
  & + & {
    border-top: 0;
  }
}
 
 
 
 
 p,
a,
ul,
li {
  border-top: 2px dotted #366;
}
p + p,
p + a,
p + ul,
p + li,
a + p,
a + a,
a + ul,
a + li,
ul + p,
ul + a,
ul + ul,
ul + li,
li + p,
li + a,
li + ul,
li + li {
  border-top: 0;
}